Coronary Artery Disease
- Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a common cardiovascular condition characterized by the narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries, which supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. It is primarily caused by the buildup of plaque (atherosclerosis) within the arterial walls, leading to reduced blood flow to the heart and an increased risk of heart attack.
- Risk factors for CAD include modifiable factors such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, smoking, diabetes, obesity, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and excessive alcohol consumption, as well as non-modifiable factors such as age, family history, and genetics.
- Management of CAD involves lifestyle modifications, such as adopting a heart-healthy diet, regular exercise, smoking cessation, weight management, and stress reduction, to reduce risk factors and prevent disease progression. Additionally, medications such as statins, antiplatelet agents, beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, or calcium channel blockers may be prescribed to manage risk factors, control symptoms, and reduce the risk of complications. In some cases, invasive procedures such as angioplasty and stenting or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) may be necessary to restore blood flow to the heart and alleviate symptoms. Regular monitoring, adherence to treatment recommendations, and ongoing risk factor management are essential for effectively managing CAD and reducing the risk of adverse cardiovascular events.
